Vaginal infections can be painful and uncomfortable. These may cause consequences that are harmful to a person's health if not treated. Most vaginal infections, however, can be treated or managed. Vaginitis is a term that normally refers to vaginal infections, but it can also refer to inflammation of the vagina or vulva (labia) in the absence of infection. Vaginitis can produce vaginal discharge, pain, itching, or odor, as well as vulva irritation, redness, itching, or swelling. Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva. Vulvovaginitis occurs when both the vulva and the vagina are inflamed. An illness that affects other reproductive organs rather than the vagina may also cause vaginal discharge. For example, if the cervix (the lower, thin section of the uterus that enters into the vagina) is infected with sexually transmitted illnesses such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, a discharge may occur. These infections are caused by bacteria that can travel from the cervix to the uterus, and even through the fallopian tubes and into the abdominal cavity. Pelvic inflammatory illness is an infection that affects the uterus or other upper reproductive tract organs.
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